The Dangers of Too Much Potassium

Potassium, an essential electrolyte, is vital to human health. It controls the body’s muscles, nerves and heart function. Having too little potassium is called hypokalemia while having high blood levels is referred to as hyperkalemia. Both of these conditions can be dangerous, but few realize how hyperkalemia can affect our health. 

Common Symptoms of Hyperkalemia

A routine blood test called a basic metabolic panel leads to the diagnosis of most hyperkalemia cases. When getting a checkup or visiting the hospital for other health symptoms, this common blood test may reveal high potassium levels in the body. The standard range is between 3.6 to 5.2 mmol/L.

When levels get above 5.2, these symptoms can occur:

• Extreme weakness and tiredness;
• Irregular, rapid or fluttering heartbeat; 
• Trouble breathing and chest discomfort; 
• Muscle weakness, numbness and tingling; 
• Nausea and vomiting; 
• Abdominal pain and diarrhea. 

Individuals who experience these symptoms should visit their local emergency room. When left untreated, extremely high potassium levels can result in arrhythmias or a heart attack. 

Causes of Hyperkalemia

The thought of having high blood potassium is scary. But what causes it? It can be a sudden, natural occurrence or caused by a specific internal trauma. High glucose levels or an acute kidney injury can cause potassium levels to rise quickly, requiring immediate, emergency care. Other causes include:

• Chronic kidney disease or kidney failure;
• Diabetes;
• Internal bleeding; 
• ACE inhibitors, chemotherapy and other medications;
• Excessive potassium supplements. (Do not take potassium supplements without being expressly directed to do so by a doctor.)

Several factors can play into the development of high potassium. Your doctor will run several tests and scans to determine the root cause. But everyone should be aware that potassium is one of those supplements that no one should take without a prescription.

Treatment for High Potassium

Resolving high potassium levels varies from simple to complex. It also depends on what’s causing the problem. In acute cases, individuals may only require diuretics and medications to regulate and help keep potassium from damaging the heart. But for some, treating potassium levels may require a more complex treatment regimen, including dialysis, intravenous medications and hydration even as doctors work to address the underlying problem.

Dangers of Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia should never go untreated and is generally considered an emergency. High levels of potassium in the blood can rapidly damage the heart, kidneys and other vital organs. In extreme cases, it can cause paralysis. Once they are aware, healthcare professionals will regularly monitor blood until levels are in the normal range. It's also important to not let blood levels drop too rapidly, which might also cause internal damage. 

There are a lot of underlying dangers that occur when potassium levels rise. To avoid issues, it’s best to eat a well-balanced diet, stay hydrated and have routine checkups with our healthcare providers, including bloodwork. Hyperkalemia is a treatable condition, but it may be ongoing due to underlying health issues. Keeping our bodies in balance is the best course for optimal health.

Copyright 2021, Wellness.com