Gallbladder and Gallstone Disease

What are Gallbladders?
Gallbladder are collections of cholesterol, bile pigment or a combination of both, which can form in the gallbladder or bile ducts within the liver. In the U.S., the most common type of Gallbladder is cholesterol. Cholesterol stones form due to an imbalance in the production of cholesterol in bile secretion. The pigment stones are composed mainly of bilirubin, a chemical produced as a result of the normal breakdown of red blood cells. The Bilirubin Gallbladder are more common in Asia and Africa, and occur in diseases that affect red blood cells, such as sickle cell anemia.

Why do Gallbladder cause problems?
When Gallbladder form in the biliary system, can cause blockage of the bile ducts, which normally drain bile from the gallbladder and liver. Occasionally, Gallbladder can also block the flow of digestive enzymes from the pancreas, since both the bile ducts and pancreas drain through the same opening, which is held by a small circular muscle. The result is inflammation of the pancreas, known as gallstone pancreatitis. Blocking the bile ducts may cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. If the bile duct remains blocked, bile can not drain properly and may develop jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin).

Who is at risk for Gallbladder?
Among the risk factors for developing cholesterol Gallbladder are female gender, older age, obesity, high cholesterol, and treatment with drugs that contain estrogen, rapid weight loss, diabetes and pregnancy. Conditions that lead to destruction of red blood cells, such as sickle cell anemia, are associated with the development of pigmented or bilirubin stones. The occurrence of Gallbladder varies widely among different ethnic groups. For example, Pima Indians and Hispanics have high rates of occurrence compared to Asians, who generally have a very low rate.

What are the symptoms of Gallbladder?
Gallbladder that cause no symptoms usually do not cause problems and require further evaluation. Sometimes Gallbladder are found by chance on an X-ray or abdominal ultrasound performed for other reasons. Unless symptoms of pain, nausea, vomiting or fever, no need to do more tests or take any other action. Symptoms arise when a gallstone blocks the flow of bile from the gallbladder or bile ducts. When a gallstone in the bile duct, may cause intermittent or constant discomfort. Usually, the pain is located in the upper abdomen and can radiate (be felt in another) to the right shoulder, also can last from several minutes to hours and be associated with sweating, nausea, vomiting. The crisis of Gallbladder can cause chest pain that may resemble a heart attack. If a pain is new and different from other types of pain, you should discuss with a doctor about symptoms.

An inflamed gallbladder, infected material trapped inside the common bile duct, or a stone blocking outflow of pancreatic juice (gallstone pancreatitis) can cause fever, chills, severe pain abdominal or jaundice. The people with these problems should have an urgent medical examination.

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