Overall Summary of Vitamin Recommendations
Most healthy adults do not require vitamin supplements however those at risk, as described above, should be advised to take them. Vitamin D is useful for those of us who avoid the sun or have dark skin. Women of childbearing age should take folic acid. Women at risk for osteoporosis should add vitamin D (and calcium) to their diets and avoid Vitamin A. Vitamin E seems to be of little value, and has potential significant side effects.
The bottom line is this; scientific studies prove that a diet rich in vegetables, fruits and nuts is associated with a lower risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease. This is the Holy Grail we chase with the use of supplemental vitamins. It seems there is some factor other than the vitamin content of these foods that imparts health. If we want to reduce the risks of cancer and cardiovascular disease we are best advised to eat a healthy diet rich in fruits, nuts and vegetables rather than take extra vitamins.
Some people do require additional vitamins in order to maximize their health. Your need for vitamin supplementation is best discussed with an expert who will consider the potential benefits and risks of vitamin therapy and provide you with individualized recommendation.