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Stumble It!Children's TV Watching Linked to Early Puberty
by DrLauraMarkham
A new report analysing 35 different scientific studies of the effect of television on the viewer has identified 15 negative physical and psychological effects associated with watching television. While television has long been blamed for the rise in childhood obesity and diminished reading among children, this study, authored by Dr. Aric Sigman, suggests even more serious consequences for children who watch TV regularly.
The study, published in the respected Biologist magazine, and reported widely throughout Great Britain, found links between habitual TV viewing and obesity, cancer, autism, diabetes, Alzheimer's, attention disorders, and even the breakdown of cells capable of healing wounds. Equally alarmingly, Dr. Sigman claims a significant body of research now points to television as a key factor in reducing levels of the hormone melatonin, the substance that regulates the body's internal clock and also governs the speed at which puberty develops.
Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland in the brain which plays a key role in regulating the body's internal clock. Dr. Sigman's report suggests that the light emitted by television screens may play a part in suppressing melatonin levels in the blood, which may disrupt the sleep patterns of children and teens as well as the age at which they enter puberty. The ever-earlier onset of puberty has puzzled researchers since it began in the 1950s, precisely when televisions became widely owned.
Dr Sigman also linked TV watching to attention issues, saying that rapid "jump cuts" fracture attention spans while at the same time the brain is programmed to reward itself with the neurotransmitter dopamine for being able to cope with an onslaught of novelty on the screen.
Dr Sigman told writer Fergus Shepherd of Scotsman.com that young children should be banned from watching TV at all, and introduced to it "judiciously" after that. "To allow children to continue to watch this much screen media is an abdication of parental responsibility -- truly hands-off parenting," said Sigman.
A summary of the negative effects reported by Dr. Sigman, as associated with regular TV viewing in 35 studies:
OBESITY
TV viewing is directly related to and now considered an independent cause of obesity. Sitting in front of a screen commands an increasingly large part of children's lives and, Dr Sigman believes, has replaced physical activity for many. Inactivity can also overlap with poor diet.
HEALING
TV seems to be involved in alterations in the activity, size and consistency of skin immune cells. It may lead to an increase in the migration of "cutaneous immune system mast cells", parts of body tissue that play a key role in healing wounds and offering defence against disease.
HEART TROUBLE
TV can set the conditions for long-term cardiovascular illness, some research claims. The adult risk of raised cholesterol and the potential for heart disease is strongly linked to TV viewing habits formed in childhood and teenage years, setting up a store of problems for later life.
METABOLISM
The metabolic rate decreases as average weekly hours of television viewing increases. Lowered metabolism leads to a reduced ability to burn fat. Combined with high-calorie food and drinks, it sets the stage for obesity and other health issues.
EYESIGHT
Permanent eyesight damage previously attributed to genetics is now being strongly linked to television-screen exposure. TV and computer screens are blamed for a rising incidence of myopia as they demand long periods of fixed attention from the viewer.
ALZHEIMER'S
TV really does rot your brain, apparently. Viewing between ages 20 to 60 is associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease: for each additional daily hour of television viewing, the associated risk of Alzheimer's disease development increases. Attention, memory and reaction time may also be affected.
ATTENTION SPAN
Long periods of TV viewing seems to affect what are called the "neuronal mechanisms" behind attention and impulse control, which damages brain-cell development and the person's ability to concentrate on non-TV subjects. For children this brain damage would be associated with mean learning difficulties and attention disorders.
HORMONES
Watching television suppresses production of melatonin, a key hormone and powerful antioxidant that has important roles in the immune system, sleep/wake cycle and the onset of puberty. Melatonin regulates the body's internal clock but bright screens may interrupt production.
CANCER
Reduced levels of melatonin may also result, Dr Sigman suggests, in a greater chance that cell DNA will produce cancer-causing mutations. Some doctors have speculated on a link between sleeplessness and cancer, which one expert suggested formed a "pathway from stress to disease".
EARLY PUBERTY
Exposure to TV screens affects the melatonin levels of younger children, in particular at the onset of puberty. Animal studies link low melatonin levels to early puberty.
AUTISM
Cornell University last year published research suggesting that television may be a trigger in young children with a tendency to autism, which affects 1 in 166 children and has increased in recent decades.
SLEEP
A significant relationship was found between exposure to television and sleeping difficulties in different age groups ranging from infants to adults. Television viewing among infants and young children is independently associated with irregular sleep schedules.
HUNGER
Watching TV may directly increase appetite and body-fat production, through alterations in the hormones leptin and ghrelin, which regulate feelings of being full and of hunger respectively.
BRAIN GROWTH
Even interactive media such as computer games have been associated with limited neurological activity as monitored by brain scans. Unlike reading, watching television has been found by neuroscientists to be a "non-intellectually stimulating activity" for brain development.
DIABETES
TV viewing is associated with abnormal glucose metabolism and Type-two diabetes, most likely linked to side-effects of a sedentary lifestyle.
(This study was reported in the Biologist Magazine, but only Members of the Institute of Biology (IOB.org) can view the past year's worth of Biologist Magazines online. For other detailed coverage of this study, see InformationLiberation.com, or my website, YourParentingSolutions.com, )
About the Author
Dr. Laura Markham, the Dear Abby of Parenting, is a clinical psychologist who hosts the popular advice column "Ask Dr. Laura" at the parenting web site YourParentingSolutions.com, The Good Dr. answers questions from parents of infants through teens, offering parent-tested solutions you can use every day to connect with your kids and create a richer family life. Her work appears regularly on a dozen parenting sites and in print, and she frequently speaks with groups of parents, both online and in person, about transforming their parenting. Dr. Laura lives in New York with her husband, son and daughter.
The study, published in the respected Biologist magazine, and reported widely throughout Great Britain, found links between habitual TV viewing and obesity, cancer, autism, diabetes, Alzheimer's, attention disorders, and even the breakdown of cells capable of healing wounds. Equally alarmingly, Dr. Sigman claims a significant body of research now points to television as a key factor in reducing levels of the hormone melatonin, the substance that regulates the body's internal clock and also governs the speed at which puberty develops.
Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland in the brain which plays a key role in regulating the body's internal clock. Dr. Sigman's report suggests that the light emitted by television screens may play a part in suppressing melatonin levels in the blood, which may disrupt the sleep patterns of children and teens as well as the age at which they enter puberty. The ever-earlier onset of puberty has puzzled researchers since it began in the 1950s, precisely when televisions became widely owned.
Dr Sigman also linked TV watching to attention issues, saying that rapid "jump cuts" fracture attention spans while at the same time the brain is programmed to reward itself with the neurotransmitter dopamine for being able to cope with an onslaught of novelty on the screen.
Dr Sigman told writer Fergus Shepherd of Scotsman.com that young children should be banned from watching TV at all, and introduced to it "judiciously" after that. "To allow children to continue to watch this much screen media is an abdication of parental responsibility -- truly hands-off parenting," said Sigman.
A summary of the negative effects reported by Dr. Sigman, as associated with regular TV viewing in 35 studies:
OBESITY
TV viewing is directly related to and now considered an independent cause of obesity. Sitting in front of a screen commands an increasingly large part of children's lives and, Dr Sigman believes, has replaced physical activity for many. Inactivity can also overlap with poor diet.
HEALING
TV seems to be involved in alterations in the activity, size and consistency of skin immune cells. It may lead to an increase in the migration of "cutaneous immune system mast cells", parts of body tissue that play a key role in healing wounds and offering defence against disease.
HEART TROUBLE
TV can set the conditions for long-term cardiovascular illness, some research claims. The adult risk of raised cholesterol and the potential for heart disease is strongly linked to TV viewing habits formed in childhood and teenage years, setting up a store of problems for later life.
METABOLISM
The metabolic rate decreases as average weekly hours of television viewing increases. Lowered metabolism leads to a reduced ability to burn fat. Combined with high-calorie food and drinks, it sets the stage for obesity and other health issues.
EYESIGHT
Permanent eyesight damage previously attributed to genetics is now being strongly linked to television-screen exposure. TV and computer screens are blamed for a rising incidence of myopia as they demand long periods of fixed attention from the viewer.
ALZHEIMER'S
TV really does rot your brain, apparently. Viewing between ages 20 to 60 is associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease: for each additional daily hour of television viewing, the associated risk of Alzheimer's disease development increases. Attention, memory and reaction time may also be affected.
ATTENTION SPAN
Long periods of TV viewing seems to affect what are called the "neuronal mechanisms" behind attention and impulse control, which damages brain-cell development and the person's ability to concentrate on non-TV subjects. For children this brain damage would be associated with mean learning difficulties and attention disorders.
HORMONES
Watching television suppresses production of melatonin, a key hormone and powerful antioxidant that has important roles in the immune system, sleep/wake cycle and the onset of puberty. Melatonin regulates the body's internal clock but bright screens may interrupt production.
CANCER
Reduced levels of melatonin may also result, Dr Sigman suggests, in a greater chance that cell DNA will produce cancer-causing mutations. Some doctors have speculated on a link between sleeplessness and cancer, which one expert suggested formed a "pathway from stress to disease".
EARLY PUBERTY
Exposure to TV screens affects the melatonin levels of younger children, in particular at the onset of puberty. Animal studies link low melatonin levels to early puberty.
AUTISM
Cornell University last year published research suggesting that television may be a trigger in young children with a tendency to autism, which affects 1 in 166 children and has increased in recent decades.
SLEEP
A significant relationship was found between exposure to television and sleeping difficulties in different age groups ranging from infants to adults. Television viewing among infants and young children is independently associated with irregular sleep schedules.
HUNGER
Watching TV may directly increase appetite and body-fat production, through alterations in the hormones leptin and ghrelin, which regulate feelings of being full and of hunger respectively.
BRAIN GROWTH
Even interactive media such as computer games have been associated with limited neurological activity as monitored by brain scans. Unlike reading, watching television has been found by neuroscientists to be a "non-intellectually stimulating activity" for brain development.
DIABETES
TV viewing is associated with abnormal glucose metabolism and Type-two diabetes, most likely linked to side-effects of a sedentary lifestyle.
(This study was reported in the Biologist Magazine, but only Members of the Institute of Biology (IOB.org) can view the past year's worth of Biologist Magazines online. For other detailed coverage of this study, see InformationLiberation.com, or my website, YourParentingSolutions.com, )
About the Author
Dr. Laura Markham, the Dear Abby of Parenting, is a clinical psychologist who hosts the popular advice column "Ask Dr. Laura" at the parenting web site YourParentingSolutions.com, The Good Dr. answers questions from parents of infants through teens, offering parent-tested solutions you can use every day to connect with your kids and create a richer family life. Her work appears regularly on a dozen parenting sites and in print, and she frequently speaks with groups of parents, both online and in person, about transforming their parenting. Dr. Laura lives in New York with her husband, son and daughter.
Posted 7/3/2008 8:29:55 AM
About the Author
Dr. Laura Markham
View profile
New York, NY
About the Author
Dr. Laura Markham
View profile
New York, NY
Interests: Children and Families, Psychology, Being Human, Meditation, Yoga
This blog is written by an individual Wellness.com forum member and does not necessarily state the views of Wellness.com Incorporated or any of its affiliates.
Community Comments!
amac 11/5/2007 2:16:54 PM
Those are some bold claims. Personally, I think TV in its current state is an awful cancer of society. It could be improved if it were more educational and positive. But the media just gives the public what it wants: violence, drama, and stupidity.
I must disclaim that I watch probably about 4-5 hours per week, but I only watch the two shows that satire how ignorant we are as a society: The Simpsons and Family Guy. I do watch a lot of documentaries and a couple movies per week as well, but I try to watch ones where I can learn something or that are based on historical fact.
What I think is so dangerous about TV is that people glue themselves to the tube every waking moment they are at home and watch whatever is on. Most of it is mind-numbing and creates unrealistic expectations and perspectives on life. Additionally, it prevents exercise and prevents people from engaging in constructive or creative activity.
I would be interested to know if those claims in your blog above about TV are causally related or just correlated. I'd bet many are just correlated because people who watch a lot of TV probably don't eat well or exercise. Many may not be well educated either and don't use their brains to full-capacity, because those who are well educated probably read more than they watch TV. I could be way off on this. I don't have any studies to back it up. Just guessing based on my personal observations.
I must disclaim that I watch probably about 4-5 hours per week, but I only watch the two shows that satire how ignorant we are as a society: The Simpsons and Family Guy. I do watch a lot of documentaries and a couple movies per week as well, but I try to watch ones where I can learn something or that are based on historical fact.
What I think is so dangerous about TV is that people glue themselves to the tube every waking moment they are at home and watch whatever is on. Most of it is mind-numbing and creates unrealistic expectations and perspectives on life. Additionally, it prevents exercise and prevents people from engaging in constructive or creative activity.
I would be interested to know if those claims in your blog above about TV are causally related or just correlated. I'd bet many are just correlated because people who watch a lot of TV probably don't eat well or exercise. Many may not be well educated either and don't use their brains to full-capacity, because those who are well educated probably read more than they watch TV. I could be way off on this. I don't have any studies to back it up. Just guessing based on my personal observations.
Bryan 11/5/2007 3:32:02 PM
I recently heard that for every TV set in a household each member of that household loses 5 IQ points. That means some people are in the negative!
Like amac, I try to watch shows that educate me. I admit, there are a few shows I like to watch each week, but only a couple of hours worth, and not each night. My wife and I prefer reading anyway. It's funny, the other night I was in a "veg out" mood, didn't feel like reading, was tired, so I channel surfed just to wind down. After surfing I said to my wife, "Tell me again why we pay for cable each month when we literally have hundreds of channels of garbage to choose from?"
Regardless of what scientific studies prove, we know one thing for sure, TV is not a good influence on our kids. It has good qualities when used for educational purposes, but if we had to decide, all or none, it's either good or bad, I think most intelligent people would say it's bad overall.
Like amac, I try to watch shows that educate me. I admit, there are a few shows I like to watch each week, but only a couple of hours worth, and not each night. My wife and I prefer reading anyway. It's funny, the other night I was in a "veg out" mood, didn't feel like reading, was tired, so I channel surfed just to wind down. After surfing I said to my wife, "Tell me again why we pay for cable each month when we literally have hundreds of channels of garbage to choose from?"
Regardless of what scientific studies prove, we know one thing for sure, TV is not a good influence on our kids. It has good qualities when used for educational purposes, but if we had to decide, all or none, it's either good or bad, I think most intelligent people would say it's bad overall.
11/5/2007 4:36:43 PM
I hae also always assumed that kids who watch TV get obese because they don't exercise and do worse in school because they don't read. I also know that violent programs are definitively linked to violent behavior in all age kids and young adults.
What was shocking to me about this study was the well-substantiated claim that it isn't only the content of TV, and the lack of other activities that are the problem, it is the screen. In other words, it isn't the content that lowers the production of the hormone melatonin, it is apparently the glowing screen itself. And the melatonin disruption is what causes the sleep issues and early puberty and possibly a later predisposition to cancer. We don't know a lot about hormones yet, but we may well find that TV impacts other hormones, and that could be linked to the obesity, language delays, alzheimers, etc.
I hae also always assumed that kids who watch TV get obese because they don't exercise and do worse in school because they don't read. I also know that violent programs are definitively linked to violent behavior in all age kids and young adults.
What was shocking to me about this study was the well-substantiated claim that it isn't only the content of TV, and the lack of other activities that are the problem, it is the screen. In other words, it isn't the content that lowers the production of the hormone melatonin, it is apparently the glowing screen itself. And the melatonin disruption is what causes the sleep issues and early puberty and possibly a later predisposition to cancer. We don't know a lot about hormones yet, but we may well find that TV impacts other hormones, and that could be linked to the obesity, language delays, alzheimers, etc.
dSw1 11/5/2007 11:07:41 PM
I am a psychology student at the University of Southern California and I am doing an assignment in my writing class about the effects of television on children. I would like to share a few comments on your post.
I was extremely shocked at the information in your post. With an emphasis in child psychology I am well aware of the evidence linking television-watching habits to obesity, but I have never heard findings such as these. It seems to me that this data is rather new. If there is continual research further proving this to be true, America is in a great deal of trouble. Television is such a prominent part of society today and the entertainment industry is paying close attention to children programming at an increasing rate.
I work with children on a frequent basis and I am guilty of using educational programming to care for children. In fact, I have my own favorites that I hope the children want to watch. From a caregiver’s perspective, it seems harmless and sometimes helpful to allow children to watch a selected, few television shows that are specifically geared towards a developmental area.
I believe that I, along with mothers and child caregivers across the nation, may need to rethink their methods in light of this new information.
In your opinion, do you feel that this information will become main-stream enough for it to affect the average American?
I was extremely shocked at the information in your post. With an emphasis in child psychology I am well aware of the evidence linking television-watching habits to obesity, but I have never heard findings such as these. It seems to me that this data is rather new. If there is continual research further proving this to be true, America is in a great deal of trouble. Television is such a prominent part of society today and the entertainment industry is paying close attention to children programming at an increasing rate.
I work with children on a frequent basis and I am guilty of using educational programming to care for children. In fact, I have my own favorites that I hope the children want to watch. From a caregiver’s perspective, it seems harmless and sometimes helpful to allow children to watch a selected, few television shows that are specifically geared towards a developmental area.
I believe that I, along with mothers and child caregivers across the nation, may need to rethink their methods in light of this new information.
In your opinion, do you feel that this information will become main-stream enough for it to affect the average American?
11/6/2007 7:19:17 AM
Note that this study was published in a well-respected British science magazine, and that it was itself an analysis of the findings of 35 other studies that had all been published and presumably peer-reviewed. It is newly published, and will take years to be debated and reconfirmed by scientists, and even more years to filter into mainstream American life.
Will this cause a dramatic change in American life? I believe so, but it will take time.
There was a time when we did not know that smoking causes cancer. I lost a family member to lung cancer this week, and I have another sister who still smokes. That is the nature of addiction.
I believe that we as a society are addicted to television and we rationalize it, and use it to entertain children. Sure, kids can learn from watching educational programs. But they learn more from doing, experimenting, discussing.
Babies who spend a lot of time watching those "baby einstein" dvds actually have been proven to lag behind other babies in language development.
I agree that America is in a great deal of trouble. But we already knew that, right? Look how many American adults are on psychiatric medication. Look how many are obese. Look how many families eat dinner together and have real, enjoyable conversations, without the TV on.
Note that this study was published in a well-respected British science magazine, and that it was itself an analysis of the findings of 35 other studies that had all been published and presumably peer-reviewed. It is newly published, and will take years to be debated and reconfirmed by scientists, and even more years to filter into mainstream American life.
Will this cause a dramatic change in American life? I believe so, but it will take time.
There was a time when we did not know that smoking causes cancer. I lost a family member to lung cancer this week, and I have another sister who still smokes. That is the nature of addiction.
I believe that we as a society are addicted to television and we rationalize it, and use it to entertain children. Sure, kids can learn from watching educational programs. But they learn more from doing, experimenting, discussing.
Babies who spend a lot of time watching those "baby einstein" dvds actually have been proven to lag behind other babies in language development.
I agree that America is in a great deal of trouble. But we already knew that, right? Look how many American adults are on psychiatric medication. Look how many are obese. Look how many families eat dinner together and have real, enjoyable conversations, without the TV on.
lottelotte 11/7/2007 9:12:19 AM
"The study, published in the respected Biologist magazine, and reported widely throughout Great Britain, found links between habitual TV viewing and obesity, cancer, autism, diabetes, Alzheimer's, attention disorders, and even the breakdown of cells capable of healing wounds. Equally alarmingly, Dr. Sigman claims a significant body of research now points to television as a key factor in reducing levels of the hormone melatonin, the substance that regulates the body's internal clock and also governs the speed at which puberty develops."
I have heard of similar studies or theories that link these diseases to immunizations. Then I have heard that there are studies that link all this to processed foods, bad nutrition, etc. Each side provide compelling "evidence" for their findings. This is the first time that I have heard it blamed on TV.
Sounds like a we are all pointing fingers to whatever we want the culprit to be.
I have heard of similar studies or theories that link these diseases to immunizations. Then I have heard that there are studies that link all this to processed foods, bad nutrition, etc. Each side provide compelling "evidence" for their findings. This is the first time that I have heard it blamed on TV.
Sounds like a we are all pointing fingers to whatever we want the culprit to be.
11/7/2007 11:24:59 AM
Lottelotte-
Sound scientific studies have proven that poor nutrition contributes to diabetes, obesity, heart disease and cancer.
And that mercury, which was used as a preservative in immunizations, is basically poisonous to humans (although the association with autism is not considered definite by most scientists.
And certainly some of the claims of this article will not be verified, so that, for instance, maybe autistic kids watch a lot of TV but TV doesn't cause autism.
The studies sited in the above article mostly proved associations, rather than causes (e.g., autism and TV watching are associated.) But those associations point us toward future research to try to tease out causality.
Just because we have identified other associations (for instance, children exposed to hormones from eating meat is associated with early puberty) doesn't de-legitimize the finding that exposure to TV reduces melatonin levels, which also leads to early puberty.
We live in a complex world!
Lottelotte-
Sound scientific studies have proven that poor nutrition contributes to diabetes, obesity, heart disease and cancer.
And that mercury, which was used as a preservative in immunizations, is basically poisonous to humans (although the association with autism is not considered definite by most scientists.
And certainly some of the claims of this article will not be verified, so that, for instance, maybe autistic kids watch a lot of TV but TV doesn't cause autism.
The studies sited in the above article mostly proved associations, rather than causes (e.g., autism and TV watching are associated.) But those associations point us toward future research to try to tease out causality.
Just because we have identified other associations (for instance, children exposed to hormones from eating meat is associated with early puberty) doesn't de-legitimize the finding that exposure to TV reduces melatonin levels, which also leads to early puberty.
We live in a complex world!
lottelotte 11/7/2007 1:43:05 PM
Dr. Markham, these claims seem sensational. I am not quick to discount sound scientific studies, but there are many studies that are on the extreme end of spectrum. I have seen traditional medicine blame everything on genetics for Cancer, Autism, Alzheimer, Obesity and Heart Disease.
Then there are studies out that claim that not everything has to do with genetics. It's been brought about by immunizations. They claim that America is being over-immunized. They are not only the likely cause of Autism, but also Cancer, Autism, Alzheimers, etc.
The same theme is repeated for those studies that claim that processed food, junk food, fast food can be blamed for the same diseases(Cancer, Alzheimer, Autism, Depression, etc...)
Yes the world is complex, but this study seems simplified and biased.
Then there are studies out that claim that not everything has to do with genetics. It's been brought about by immunizations. They claim that America is being over-immunized. They are not only the likely cause of Autism, but also Cancer, Autism, Alzheimers, etc.
The same theme is repeated for those studies that claim that processed food, junk food, fast food can be blamed for the same diseases(Cancer, Alzheimer, Autism, Depression, etc...)
Yes the world is complex, but this study seems simplified and biased.
HealthNut 11/7/2007 2:47:29 PM
About a year ago, we moved and didn't activate cable or satellite dish service. It was great. We actually had dinner at the table with the family and played board games to keep us interested. The only thing we used the TV for was to rent movies. It worked out really well.
7/3/2008 8:30:53 AM
HealthNut- thanks for sharing your family's experience without TV. I grew up without TV and have almost never watched it, and I don't miss it being part of my life at all. My kids were also raised without it, although my daughter went through a phase when she wanted to see what other kids were talking about in sixth grade and began watching for awhile. She got bored with it fairly quickly and now says she finds reading much more interesting. I credit my family's wonderful conversations and my kids' dedication to reading to the lack of TV in their lives. (Although I must add that my 17 year old now occasionally watches Gossip Girl!)
Are there other families out there who are kicking the TV habit?
HealthNut- thanks for sharing your family's experience without TV. I grew up without TV and have almost never watched it, and I don't miss it being part of my life at all. My kids were also raised without it, although my daughter went through a phase when she wanted to see what other kids were talking about in sixth grade and began watching for awhile. She got bored with it fairly quickly and now says she finds reading much more interesting. I credit my family's wonderful conversations and my kids' dedication to reading to the lack of TV in their lives. (Although I must add that my 17 year old now occasionally watches Gossip Girl!)
Are there other families out there who are kicking the TV habit?
ivanna 11/16/2008 6:09:10 PM
The reason why I came across this site, I was searching for the information on how TV impacts children, in order to convince my 14 years ols stepson of how watching television can hurm your brain, body, destroy your prsonality, steal your present, poison your future, exost your communication, make you less who you are now.
I thank you the Author and all other posters for the inputs, what a great material, I found more than enough information here for him to read.
I thank you the Author and all other posters for the inputs, what a great material, I found more than enough information here for him to read.
11/17/2008 12:57:40 PM
Dear Ivanna,
Good luck in your discussion with your stepson. I just want to let you know that my website, YourParentingSolutions.com, has lots of info on the effects of TV watching on kids, in case that's helpful. There's also a section on Communicating with Your Kids that might make your conversation with your stepson more fruitful!
Dear Ivanna,
Good luck in your discussion with your stepson. I just want to let you know that my website, YourParentingSolutions.com, has lots of info on the effects of TV watching on kids, in case that's helpful. There's also a section on Communicating with Your Kids that might make your conversation with your stepson more fruitful!
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