AIDS-free generation within reach scientifically
There are no scientific reasons the world can't chart a path, albeit a difficult one, toward the world's first AIDS-free generation, a top health official said Sunday.
"There is no excuse scientifically to say we cannot do it," said Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, speaking to the media at AIDS 2012, an international AIDS conference, which began here Sunday. "What we need now is the political and organizational will to implement what science has given us."
The challenges of the AIDS pandemic are great, Fauci said. Worldwide, the disease has claimed more than 30 million lives, and 34 million people today are infected with HIV, the virus that causes the disease. About 2.5 million people worldwide still die each year, Fauci said.
Yet scientists are talking enthusiastically about recent discoveries that, when combined, have the potential to dramatically curtail new infections. Last week, leading researchers called for a new push to cure the disease. In another landmark finding that Fauci described as a "slam-dunk, out of the ballpark," researchers showed last year that getting an HIV-positive patient's virus under control makes that person virtually non-contagious.
That suggests that getting proper treatment to more people with HIV -- 20% of whom don't know they are infected -- could be a powerful tool to stop the spread of the disease, Fauci said. Most new infections are spread by people who do not realize they have the disease, he said.
Turning the tide "is not going to happen spontaneously," Fauci said. "It's going to require purpose and commitment."
A mantra among AIDS advocates now is "seek, test, treat and retain," said Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Public health officials want to test undiagnosed patients for HIV, treat their disease and retain them in care.
And while those challenges are daunting, Fauci noted that the United States has always led in the AIDS fight. The National Institutes of Health has spent $50 billion on AIDS since 1982.
And the U.S. has succeeded in other difficult circumstances before -- such as providing AIDS drugs to Africa. Fauci noted that "naysayers" were doubtful about PEPFAR, the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, a $15 billion effort launched in 2003 by George W. Bush, after consultation from Fauci.
At that time, only 50,000 people in the developing world had access to anti-retroviral therapy, the drug cocktails credited with transforming AIDS from a death sentence into a chronic disease. Since then, PEPFAR -- which received an additional $48 billion in funding in 2008 -- has provided AIDS therapy to nearly 4 million people. The program also is credited with preventing HIV infection in 200,000 babies by providing drugs to 660,000 HIV-infected mothers.
PEPFAR must be reauthorized by Congress next year. And while many are focused on cutting the federal budget, Fauci said PEPFAR has always had support from both Republicans and Democrats. "I can't imagine not authorizing an overwhelming success," Fauci said.
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