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MAP found in sewage treatment works and river used for domestic water supply:

Sediments from 9 of 10 major lakes receiving inflow from these catchments were
positive, with sediment cores indicating deposition over at least 40 to 50 years.
Two of 12 monthly 1-liter samples of effluent and a single 100-liter sample from the
Ambleside sewage treatment works were positive for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
Since Lake Ambleside discharges into Lake Windermere, which is available for
domestic supply, there is a potential for these organisms to cycle within human
populations.

MAP found in cow’s milk:

These findings confirm that M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis is present in raw milk
from subclinically infected dairy cows. The culture of M. avium subsp.
paratuberculosis in the Czech Republic from retail milk that had been pasteurized
locally or commercially to the required national and European Union standards is in
agreement with similar research on milk destined for consumers in the United Kingdom
and the United States and shows that humans are being exposed to this chronic
enteric pathogen by this route.


Read more: IBS Blog